Among them are the activation of the protein folding and stabilization machinery [ 13], the induction of iron uptake systems [ 11], or metabolic adaptations including the induction of the methionine pathways [ 14].
Additionally, weight loss induces metabolic adaptations including a decline in resting energy expenditure below the predicted values, based on the new body composition reached after weight loss (Camps et al. 2013b).
Reaeration Response genes involved in metabolic adaptation include a sugar transporter (Rv1235 and Rv1236) predicted to be essential for MTB survival in macrophages and mice [29] [30], the triacylglycerol lipase lipY (Rv3097c), recently shown to cleave triacylglycerides upon reaeration, and a ribonucleotide reductase (Rv3048c) essential for aerobic growth [31].
This initial signal reception response in turn activates the second stage (4-24 h), a metabolic adaptation, including the induction of glycolytic and nitrogen metabolic pathways.
Glycogen and trehalose are two glucose compounds that have been demonstrated to be used by fungi, playing crucial roles in metabolic adaptation including stress protection and energy storage and putatively in progression of cell division [ 29].
Later adaptations include,, and the underrated.
Such adaptations include modifications of body shape and hydrodynamics [ 23– 25], swimming form and mechanical kinematics [ 26– 28], muscle composition [ 29– 31], metabolic rates [ 32], heart volume and aerobic capacity [ 32– 34], and mitochondrial structure and concentration [ 35].
Recently, the cancer metabolic adaptations have been included in the well-known Hallmarks of Cancer [ 27].
This drove a number of key adaptations, including the emergence of specialized secondary metabolic pathways.
This led to a number of physiological adaptations, including the evolutionary emergence of entirely new specialized secondary metabolic pathways [ 2].
