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Cloning of gene luminescence in different organisms is currently used to study both the survival of microbial cells and the effect of different factors on their metabolic activity, including the environment.
Cell growth is an increase in cell volume, or mass, due to metabolic activity including synthesis of macromolecules (RNA, protein, lipid) and organelles.
The molecular function of unigenes is heavily dominated by binding nucleic acids or proteins and metabolic activity, including hydrolase and kinase activity.
Suppression of certain housekeeping genes and metabolic activity including secretion could be a general response but important strategy to provide tolerance under cold stress conditions [ 56].
Thirdly, in the aging process, drug metabolism is altered by decreased hepatic function (reduced hepatic blood flow and decreased liver mass and metabolic activity, including that of the cytochrome P450 enzyme system).
In foods, more detailed information is available, but mathematical models for quantitative prediction of processing, product and storage effects on growth and metabolic activity, including bacteriocin and tyramine formation, awaits further development together with recording of responses in databases.
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Temperature is one of the most active environmental factors affecting all plant metabolic activities, including amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism [ 55].
Temperature is one of the most active environmental factors that affect all plant metabolic activities, including amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism [ 50].
However, basic functional hepatocyte features such as bile canaliculi formation, bile secretion, polarity and metabolic activities (including detoxification by Cyp and other drug-metabolizing enzymes) are rapidly lost during culture on a collagen layer (monolayer or 2D culture).
Exercise generates biomechanical signals that are sensed by chondrocytes which then respond by adjusting their metabolic activities, including expression of genes that regulate inflammation.
Less than half of the M. leprae genome contains functional genes and gene deletion and decay appears to have eliminated many important metabolic activities, including part of the oxidative and most of the microaerophilic and anaerobic respiratory chains [7].
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