Sentence examples for metabolic activation by from inspiring English sources

CCB, 1,3-diphenylpropane, and 2,4-diphenyl-1-butene also exhibited estrogenic activity after metabolic activation by liver microsomes, but the activity was lower than that of TCB.

Because flavonoid compounds have been shown to bind the intracellular aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and activate the AhR signaling pathway, one suggestion to explain AF's activity pattern is metabolic activation by the AhR and its target genes, specifically the 1A isoforms of cytochome P450 (CYP) enzymes [ 7, 8, 16, 17].

In this study we examined estrogenic activity of styrene oligomers after metabolic activation by rat liver microsomes.

Tamoxifen, similar to endogenous estrogens, requires metabolic activation by cytochrome P450 enzymes to form its active metabolites, 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) and endoxifen.

In this pilot study, we demonstrate that cultured primary hepatocytes derived from the Muta™Mouse can be employed to assess the mutagenic activity of selected test mutagens that require metabolic activation by cytochrome P450 isozymes.

Knowledge regarding the activating mechanisms remains limited, but one possibility is metabolic activation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the skin.

Benzene is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and a confirmed human carcinogen, which requires metabolic activation, primarily by CYP2E1, for most of its biological actions.

To test this hypothesis we assessed the effects of raising tonic DA levels by giving a low dose of oral MP (20 mg) [22] on the regional brain metabolic activation induced by cocaine-cues in cocaine abusers.

Like cyclophosphamide, IFO requires metabolic activation, mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes (Walker et al, 1994), initially forming a 4-hydroxy metabolite, which spontaneously releases the active form – isophosphoramide mustard (IPM).

Reversion frequencies observed in the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test are presented in Tables 1 and 2. No increase of revertants per plate was observed in any of the four standard bacterial strains used in the assay, with and without extrinsic metabolic activation provided by S9 mix, in the relatively wide range of concentrations tested (50 5000  μg/plate).

The profile of metabolism and metabolic activation has been clearly established by several studies, showing that covalent binding is dose-dependent.