Rather than reducing doubt, checking fosters doubt and ironically increases meta-memory problems.
We present a formal architecture for directories of meta-memories required in extended transactive memory systems and propose the use of meta-knowledge to substitute for the lack of tacit group knowledge that exists in small groups.
These findings indicate that memory problems in OCD might be related to executive aspects of memory, such as meta-memory decisions about whether or not an associatively retrieved item has indeed been encountered before, rather than to deficits within the memory system proper.
The metacognition questionnaire has two components - the meta-memory and meta-concentration.
JOLs, or meta-memory judgments, are made when knowledge is acquired or revisited [ 48].
Our claim is less controversial: that discovering Meta-Memory in animals would be good evidence that they are conscious.
In sum, our functional characterisation, susceptible to empirical investigation in other animals, of the mechanism deployed in Meta-Memory (i.e., high level consciousness-involving metamemory) is as follows.
We explain in section " Testing for Meta-Memory" below what kind of additional empirical work should be done to test for consciousness-involving metamemory.
Something must be added if it is to be turned into a plausible candidate for our condition C. In this subsection we investigate possible additions, to arrive at a characterisation of a metamemory mechanism which is plausibly consciousness-involving, which we call 'high level Meta-Memory', or just 'Meta-Memory'.
In addition, most studies of meta-memory have focused on prospective judgements of success which may draw on neural substrates distinct to those supporting retrospective confidence judgements (Fleming and Dolan, 2012).
In the following section, " Meta-Memory: high level meta-representation", we specify the type of metamemory which would be good evidence for consciousness and set out how it can be tested in animals.
