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Tables 4 and 5 summarize the meta estimates of the socio-demographic and socio-cultural factors respectively.
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A meta-estimate of the frequency ratio (meta-FR) was computed in each group.
We further explored the modification of exposure measurement methods, study settings and study designs on the meta-estimates of PM2.5.
This approach showed the absence of influential studies, with meta-estimates of the MN frequency ranging from 4.77 to 4.22 ‰.
The magnitude of the meta-estimates of lung cancer risk associated with PM2.5 varied modestly but remained elevated with various adjustments.
Combining only higher-quality studies yields higher meta-estimates of lung cancer risk per unit of exposure than does including all available studies.
A systematic review including 45 papers found weak associations between LBP and degenerative manifestations with meta-estimates of Odds Ratios ranging from 2.3 to 3.6.
Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicates that studies with higher-quality asbestos exposure assessment yield higher meta-estimates of the lung cancer risk per unit of exposure.
The meta-estimates of lung cancer risk associated with PM10 exposure behaved similarly, but there was some indication of greater sensitivity to the control of covariates, particularly occupation.
We cannot conduct more advanced meta-analyses (e.g., meta-regressions of effects size) or provide meta-estimates of the size of the influence for at least two reasons (Beach et al. 2005).
The meta-estimates of risk from the studies in Europe and the USA were similar, and significantly lower than the one estimate from China (0.60 (0.59–0.75), 0.59 (0.41.6086), 1.60 (0.99–2.58), respectively).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com