Originating from adjacent layers of epithelial (ectodermal) and mesenchymal (mesodermal or neural crest) tissues, the first visible sign of most ectodermal organs is a local epithelial thickening termed an ectodermal placode.
Apelin is an endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ, which was recently identified as a marker of mesodermal populations containing angiohematopoietic and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells [ 5, 6].
They can be isolated from bone marrow, adipose tissue, skin, and stroma of virtually all internal organs along with multipotent (ie, capable of differentiation to different cell types within mesodermal lineage) mesenchymal cells and differentiated fibroblasts and maintained in MSC cultures where they comprise less than 1% of total cell counts.
In the last 15 years, the induction of both hematopoietic and mesenchymal cells to different mesodermal fates like cardiomyocytes and skeletal myoblasts in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo has been reported.
Although mesothelial cells are of a mesodermal origin, they express characteristics of both epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes.
The lung is a complex organ deriving from the endodermal (→ epithelium) and mesodermal (→ mesenchyme, endothelium) germ line.
(B) Similarly, at E8.5, although heart tube and mesenchymal cells in the headfold are developed in the wildtype embryo, mesodermal cells are still not migrated in the Mesp1/Mesp2 double-knockout embryos.
Sarcoma, tumour of connective tissue (tissue that is formed from mesodermal, or mesenchymal, cells).
While ectodermal progenitors assemble in a pseudo-epithelial cell layer, mesodermal and endodermal (mesendodermal) progenitor cells display a highly motile mesenchymal phenotype with a mixture of lamellipodia and bleb-like protrusions (Row et al., 2011).
They can proliferate extensively and have the ability to differentiate into endodermal, mesodermal, and ectodermal derivatives.
