To improve the springback prediction by FE analysis, guidelines regarding the mesh discretization are provided and a new through-thickness integration scheme for shell elements is launched.
Reproduction of the configuration of solid obstacles in the fine mesh discretization is a direct way to make numerical calculations on porous objects.
The relation between the exact solution u_{exact})and the approximate solution (u(h)) is given by the following equation: u_{mathrm{exact}} = u(h) + Mh^{p} + cdotsmbox{higher order terms}, quad 0 < x, y < 1, (6.3) where h is the measure of the mesh discretization, M is a constant and p is the order (rate) of convergence.
In this study, the numerical analysis and the mesh discretization method are described thoroughly.
Basic adaptive discretizations are introduced.
Although the flow is relatively complex, the calculated wall pressure shows a quite good agreement with the experiment provided that the mesh resolution and the temporal discretization are carefully selected depending on the pitching velocity.
Different levels of discretization are used for the displacement mesh, design variable mesh and density mesh which provides higher resolution designs for the solutions.
In this work, the grids for the space discretization are generated by local and adaptive mesh refinement (see Section 5 for details).
The FE methods are flexible in that they may be used with an unstructured mesh discretization, and, accordingly, they are capable of simulating complicated problems even with a non-conformed mesh on a fault plane, by using a formulation that involves master-slave contact.
Although its unprecedentedly success in approximating the singular field around a crack tip independent of mesh discretization, XFEM still has been long hindered in engineering applications by its ill conditioning and the difficulty in mass lumping corresponding to extra dofs.
