Basic established a presumption that the misrepresentation was relied upon, not a mere presumption that the plaintiffs relied on the market price.
The organization Y Combinator, which provides seed funding to startup companies, wrote in July that "the startup ecosystem needs a bright line, per se rule against discrimination" as opposed to a "multi-part, totality-of-the-circumstances standard with a case-by-case approach or even a mere presumption against discrimination".
Knowledge is to be "distinguished from a mere representation, presumption, question, or assumption by the fact that a content appears here with a sense of objective necessity" (Dilthey 2002, 27 28).
It is no mere prima facie presumption of fact.
The concept of biological in-situ detoxification is based on the presumption that it is the mere presence of the inhibitory substance that is the problem, rather than its bioconversion.
I wince a bit when Michelle Obama chides her husband as a mere mortal — a comic routine that rests on the presumption that we see him as a god.
Yet even among these researchers, the presumption still persists that men's sexuality is mere hydraulics and that women's sexuality is more complex.
13 But this statutory presumption does not reduce the offense to one of mere possession or shift the burden of proof; it merely places on the accused, at a certain point, the burden of going forward with his defense.
355, 942, and the distinction was made manifest between the power to create a presumption of fact and the want of authority as a mere punishment for contempt to deny a hearing, as ruled in Hovey v. Elliott.
These include granting authorities access to computers of those not even suspected of a crime, allowing private correspondence to be retained for up to two years, stripping citizens of their passports on mere suspicion of criminal intent and the reversal of the centuries-old presumption of innocence.
It was partly a recognition that it was no longer adequate to treat a victim of crime as a mere bystander in an impartial test of the facts, one that prioritised the presumption of the defendant's innocence over the victim's right to be heard.
