Third, the wholes constituted by atoms are not mere conjunctions of atoms, but are new entities inhering in their own parts.
That is, in particular, complex states of affairs — whether mere conjunctions of simple, atomic states of affairs or structural states of affairs like our water molecule W — are nothing, ontologically, over and above the states of affairs on which they supervene (see also TLP 2.032; Armstrong 1989, 113; Armstrong 1997, 44ff).
In contrast with the empiricists, who regard cause and effect as mere constant conjunction, for Spinoza, the relationship between cause and effect has the force of a logical entailment; empirical facts are themselves necessary truths.
The regularity theory of causation, it is argued, identifies and removes the source of this confusion in the free will dispute by way of challenging the deep-seated assumption that there is something more to causation than mere constant conjunction and the accompanying inference of the mind.
In conclusion, we feel that conjunction between AR and lymphocele formation should not be dismissed as a mere coincidence.
Now, however, in the critical period, Kant introduces a revolutionary new concept of "experience" which is explicitly opposed to mere constant conjunctions among perceptions in being "necessary and universally valid"—in particular, "experience is possible only by means of the representation of a necessary connection of perceptions" (B218).
Such a conjunction of patterns might seem to be mere chance, perhaps, the way distant cloud chambers might display seemingly identical trails of particles.
In essence, we submit that Figure 3D is as such more informative, in conjunction with the detailed methodologies, than a mere heatmap presentation.
