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BMI reduced in both control and mentoring conditions, but increased slightly in the goal-setting condition.
Predicted aerobic capacity increased in the control and mentoring conditions, but did not change in the goal-setting condition; in planned contrasts, control was superior to goal-setting, with a small effect size, but mentoring provided added benefits over goal-setting alone, with a medium effect size.
Both the goal-setting and goal-setting with mentoring conditions increased their engagement in cognitive and physical activity, while the control condition decreased very slightly in activity levels.
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All three conditions improved on immediate recall, with the greatest improvement in the goal-setting with mentoring condition.
Depression mean scores reduced in the control and goal-setting conditions, but increased in the goal-setting with mentoring condition.
All three conditions improved in general cognitive ability assessed with the MOCA screening instrument; the greatest improvement was seen in the goal-setting with mentoring condition.
However, while added mentoring brought benefits in some areas, the goal-setting with mentoring condition fared worse than the goal-setting condition on measures of quality of life and depression (effect sizes ≥ −0.2).
We calculated the total cost per participant of setting up and running the centre and receiving the intervention to be £241.77 for controls, £251.93 for those in the goal-setting condition and £268.86 for those in the mentoring condition.
Including the goal-setting with mentoring condition allowed us to examine whether enhancing the goal-setting process with follow-up mentoring telephone calls led to greater benefits than the goal-setting interview alone.
Within-group pre/post comparisons showed a small-to-medium effect size for physical activity in the goal-setting with mentoring condition and a small effect size in the goal-setting condition, and small effect sizes for cognitive activity in both conditions.
The intervention involved a goal-setting interview, with or without follow-up telephone mentoring; these two conditions (goal-setting, GS, and goal-setting with mentoring, GM) were compared with a control interview involving general discussion about activities and health and information about Centre facilities (information, IC).
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