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Cartesian essence can be isolated to physical and mental substances and force is neither of these.
Can mental substances or events cause what they do qua mental, in virtue of their mental properties?
Most obviously, he rejected Descartes' dualism of extended and mental substances in favor of substance monism, and correspondingly rejected Cartesian mind-body interactionism.
And it seems strange to say that Descartes was committed to mental substances having physical properties simply because he thought they are not spatially extended.
Hume's attack on the supposition that we have an idea of the mind as distinct from its impressions thus constitutes a rejection of Berkeley's commitment to the existence of mental substances, but not of ontological idealism altogether.
He dubs his position 'emergent dualism,' and claims for it all the philosophical advantages of traditional, Cartesian substance dualism while being able to overcome a central difficulty, viz., explaining how individual brains and mental substances come to be linked in a persistent, 'monogamous' relationship.
Similar(53)
Hobbes argued that nothing existed but matter in motion; there was no such thing as mental substance, only material substance.
The mental and the material orders were each complete in themselves, under God; it was this fact that made it appropriate for him to use the technical term substance in this context: mental substance and material substance.
As well as arguing for the separate existence of mental substance, metaphysicians have claimed that mind is, as it were, the key to the understanding of the universe.
On the basis of clear and distinct innate ideas, Descartes then establishes that each mind is a mental substance and each body a part of one material substance.
Material substance was, so to speak, all one, although packets of it were more or less persistent; mental substance existed in the form of individual minds, with God as the supreme example.
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