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In two experiments the neuronal mechanisms of sex differences in mental rotation were investigated.
Gender differences in speed of perceptual comparison, of picture-plane mental rotation, and in switching costs between trials that do and do not require mental rotation, were investigated as a function of stimulus material with a total sample size of N = 360.
Accuracy (Figure 3 top) and Response Times (RTs; Figure 3 bottom) in mental rotation were analyzed in ANOVAs with Group (amusics or controls) as between-participants factor and Degree of Rotation (0, 60, 120, or 180) as within-participant factor.
Because subjects' responses to mental rotation were not recorded during the TMS session, they were asked after the first part of the experiment whether they really used mental rotation and whether they needed and were able to repeat the operation during the five seconds of stimulus presentation.
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For example, mental rotation is the ability to mentally represent an object and operate on that object.
Furthermore, they may sometimes be severely impaired in their ability to rotate objects when the amount of mental rotation is too high [35].
Mental rotation is a critical ability for succeeding in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields.
The gender difference in three-dimensional mental rotation is well documented in the literature.
Results showed that dual-task interference produced by irrelevant manual rotation combined with mental rotation was not lateralized.
But mental rotation is an essential spatial skill for maneuvering objects in space, particularly with the space station's robotic arm.
Among the spatial factors underlining the spatial ability, mental rotation was the one in which large gender difference was constantly observed.
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