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Surveys in China have shown associations between environmental pollution and reproductive health, and specific environ-mental pollutants have been correlated with increased prevalence of reproductive damage.
Almost all fish are contaminated, to a greater or lesser degree, with environ-mental pollutants.
For example, to what extent can health risks associated with exposure to environ-mental pollutants be reduced or improved through healthy nutrition?
Although very limited in scope, these data point to a possible impact of these pollutants in mental health.
Thus, we hypothesized that levels of different antioxidants and detoxification factors during pregnancy and the first year of life may modulate the potential negative effect of air pollutants on mental development.
This study suggests that some antioxidant factors such as maternal consumption of fruits and vegetables during pregnancy may modulate adverse effects of air pollutants on infant mental development.
There was no consistent pattern of change in results for mental disorder admissions when air pollutants were included in the model with the magnitude of some associations decreasing, for example, dementia with ozone included in model (95thpercentile, lag0 (1.08:0.92 – 1.28)).
In this study conducted in several regions of Spain, adverse effects of air pollutants on infant mental development in the second year of life were observed among subjects with low exposure to maternal consumption of fruits and vegetables.
Although some residual confounding may remain, our results support the hypothesized biological mechanisms through which air pollutants may affect mental development, mainly related to neuroinflammation and lipid peroxidation through oxidative stress in the brain (Block and Calderon-Garciduenas 2009).
Our results suggest that higher consumption of fruits and vegetables during pregnancy may have mitigated an adverse effect of ambient air pollutants on infant mental development in our study population, whereas longer breast-feeding duration and higher maternal circulating vitamin D levels at pregnancy appeared to have less of an effect on associations.
In a second step, we performed a meta-analysis using random-effects models combining the estimates in each region of the association between each air pollutant and infant mental development.
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