In addition, small meningeal branches leave each spinal nerve and gray ramus and reenter the vertebral canal, where they innervate the dura mater (the outermost of the meninges) and blood vessels.
The epidural space is prone to blood collection due to the presence of a series of arteries that supply blood to the meninges, the meningeal arteries.
Meningitis, inflammation of the meninges, the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.
The major classes of inflammatory disease are meningitis and encephalitis (infections of the meninges, or covering membranes, of the brain and of the brain itself, respectively) and abscesses, which may be situated outside or just below the meninges or in the brain itself.
Meningitis is an infection of the meninges – the membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord – and symptoms include fever, cold hands and feet, agitation, confusion, vomiting and headaches.
An infection of the meninges that cover the brain causes tuberculous meningitis; before the advent of specific drugs, this disease was always fatal, though most affected people now recover.
They found evidence of retinas (the back of the eye is an outgrowth of the brain), of meninges (the membranes that surround the brain) and of hippocampal cells (the hippocampus is a part of the brain which is crucial for memory formation).
Like the brain, the spinal cord is covered by three connective-tissue envelopes called the meninges.
Irritation of the meninges, which may occur with intracranial infection or bleeding, leads to unusual stiffness on passive attempts to flex the neck, as well as to an inability to straighten the bent knee when the hip is flexed (the Kernig sign).
The arachnoid trabeculae are embryologic remnants of the common origin of the arachnoid and pia mater, and they have the frail structure characteristic of these two of the meninges.
