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For all subjects studied, the memory subset of CD4+ T cells showed significantly higher expression levels of APOBEC3G, TRIM5α, and LEDGF/p75, while the CD16+ subset of monocytes was characterized by higher expression levels of LEDGF/p75.
Our data further adds to this conclusion by providing functional assessment of this important CD4 memory subset of T cells.
It is now well established that the memory subset of circulating T cells contribute to alloresponse, thus explaining that viral infections are associated with graft failure in human transplant recipients [1], [2], [3].
Analyses similar to our present study in a bigger cohort of infected animals followed prospectively would be important to further substantiate the importance of selective deficiency in one or more cytokine producing memory subset of CD4 T cells as a preferred predictive marker of disease progression.
Patients were initially accessed using a neuropsychological test battery, including Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), 13 Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) 14 15 and Logical Memory subset of the Wechsler Memory Scale Revised (WMS-R LM).
Notably, repeated zoledronate treatment led to the depletion of the central memory subset of blood Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, as well as a long-lasting decrease of their absolute count.
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This analysis enabled identification of three functionally distinct populations of total as well as memory subsets of CD4+, CD8+ T cells, each producing IFN-γ and IL-2 alone or the two cytokines together (Fig. S2).
We observed substantial frequencies for the numbers of IFN-γ producing cells in the total as well as memory subsets of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and these responses were restricted almost entirely to the population defined by memory phenotype as shown for a representative animal from each of the three groups studied (Figs. 4A and 4B).
We describe here multicolor flow cytometry analyses combining detailed phenotypic and functional characterization of total as well as memory subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from SHIV-infected rhesus macaques with no clinical symptoms but exhibiting markedly differing viral loads associated with differential cytokine production in response to non-specific in vitro stimulation with PMA+I.
In this study, using the rhesus macaque nonhuman primate model we investigated whether functional properties of total and memory subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells would be a potential correlate of viral loads in the blood as a reliable and easier approach.
We used multicolor flow cytometry analyses to investigate the functional features paralleling the circulating total and memory subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in SHIV-infected rhesus macaques exhibiting varying levels of plasma viral loads along with or without clinical symptoms.
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