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Effects of emotion on memory specificity in young and older adults.
This study examined the relationship between analytical rumination and autobiographical memory specificity in participants with a history of depression.
The findings of this study extend previous work, suggesting that low memory specificity in formerly depressed patients may be a function of state levels of analytical self-focus, with this cognitive style being more easily reinstated in the recovery phase in those who report a greater trait tendency to ruminate about symptoms when low in mood.
There was also a linear age-dependent dopaminergic modulation of memory specificity in hippocampus reflecting a relative boost to memory specificity on Bromocriptine in older adults whose memory was poorer at baseline, and a relative boost on Sulpiride in older better performers, compared to the young.
Effects of task instruction on autobiographical memory specificity in young and older adults.
3,4 The effects of the manipulations on memory specificity in high and low ruminators are shown in Fig. 1.
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Studies have also found a limited ability to generate positive future-related images in high-dysphoric individuals [ 24] as well as a connection between deficits in memory specificity and deficits in the specific imaginability of future related imagery in suicidal patients [ 29].
Increases in goal specificity were associated with parallel increases in autobiographical memory specificity whereas increases in goal likelihood were associated with reductions in depressed mood.
As predicted, memory specificity was reduced in older adults in prefrontal cortex and in hippocampus, consistent with an impact of neural dedifferentiation on episodic memory representations.
The results of the study indicated that induction of an analytical mode of information processing resulted in reduced memory specificity, but only in those previously depressed individuals who reported high trait tendencies towards depressive rumination.
As it was hypothesised that increases in goal specificity would be part of a broader shift in processing style in individuals receiving MBCT, we also examined whether changes in goal specificity were associated with comparable changes in autobiographical memory specificity, and whether changes in mood mediated the effects of treatment on goal-related processing.
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