Psychiatric changes can include depression and anxiety [ 8] and cognitive problems can include impairments in verbal memory [ 9, 10], spatial reasoning [ 11] and attention [ 12].
Patients on lithium treatment performed poorer on memory tasks compared to HCs, whilst patients treated with divalproex performed significantly poorer than HCs in executive functions, spatial reasoning and memory tasks.
Twenty-seven all-around healthy individuals agreed to complete a series of tasks testing their spatial reasoning and memory of letter sequences.
The Mini Mental Status Examination 14 is a brief test of memory, spatial ability, language comprehension, and reasoning.
The relationship held even when they controlled for IQ, spatial reasoning, short-term memory, and 13 other factors, the team reports online this week in Nature.
We hypothesized that men undergoing ADT would show reduced activation in the task-related parietal region during spatial reasoning and spatial memory tasks compared to baseline and to healthy controls.
Spatial reasoning and spatial memory were specifically chosen to examine the effects of ADT on brain function because task-related brain activation has been clearly identified, particularly in regions of the parietal cortex [ 13- 16] along with evidence of hormone influences on these brain regions [ 17- 19].
The first half places more emphasis on functions such as memory and language, while the second half focuses more on spatial reasoning and executive functions.
Traditional research paradigms in animal cognition are similar to those in human cognition, and include an examination of perception, learning, categorization, memory, spatial cognition, numerosity, communication, language, social cognition, theory of mind, causal reasoning, and metacognition.
The philosophical issues surrounding the interpretation of experiments to investigate perception, learning, categorization, memory, spatial cognition, numerosity, communication, language, social cognition, theory of mind, causal reasoning, and metacognition in animals are discussed in the entry on animal cognition.
