This ability to control retrieval may originate, in part, from the previously established capacity to intentionally modulate mnemonic activity in the medial temporal lobes and other brain areas involved in memory representation and retrieval (Anderson et al., 2004; Benoit & Anderson, 2012; Butler & James, 2010; Depue et al., 2007; Levy & Anderson, 2012).
In a taxonomy and evaluation of criticisms of memory representations and traces, this section synthesizes the polemics of theorists who hold quite different positive views about memory.
It is known that token frequency has a strong influence on the memory representations and lexical strengths of words due to its "conserving effect".
There is emerging consensus that working-memory maintenance results from the interactions among long-term memory representations and basic processes, including attention, that are instantiated as reentrant loops between frontal and posterior cortical areas, as well as sub-cortical structures.
By this line of reasoning, one would expect that when objects' relative size violates pre-existing knowledge, it can become part of episodic memory representations, and thereby influence the magnitude of priming.
Thus, this account of MMN elicitation does not rely on memory representations and is sensorial in nature.
This increases the stability of networks that mediate sustained working memory representations and benefits task demand stability and sustained processes, but it may show excessive cognitive rigidity [ 52].
Friedman et al. indicated that individual differences in executive function including inhibiting dominant responses, updating working memory representations, and shifting between task sets, are almost 99%% heritable [ 7].
Two views have emerged on the nature of the memory representations and mechanisms that cause these intertrial priming effects: independent feature weighting versus episodic retrieval of previous trials.
Miyake and colleagues [ 55] showed that inhibiting of prepotent responses, updating working memory representations and shifting between tasks or mental sets are three separable executive functions.
Computational models and animal studies implicate striatal DA in the maintenance of a balance between updating working memory representations and stabilizing them against noise (Crofts et al. 2001; Frank et al. 2001; Gruber et al. 2006; Hazy et al. 2006).
