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Individual cortisol concentrations did not correlate with false memory rate, hit rate or false alarm rate (r<0.14, P>0.30).
It has to be noted, however, that not only false memory rate, but also hit rate (true recognition) was unaffected by post-learning sleep when compared to wakefulness.
The "night wake caffeine" group exhibited a significantly lower false memory rate when compared to the "night wake placebo" group [0.74±0.03 vs. 0.83±0.03; t (31) = −2.41, P = 0.022; Figure 2].
Confirming the results of Experiment I, false memory rate did not differ between subjects in the "1st night sleep" and the "1st night wake" groups [0.80±0.02 vs. 0.80±0.03; t (30) = −0.12, P>0.90; Figure 2].
This criterion applied to four subjects whose false memory rate was drastically below the group mean [one subject was removed from each of the following groups: night wake (Exp. I), 2nd night wake (Exp. II), 1st night sleep (Exp. III), night wake caffeine (Exp. IV)].
After nocturnal wakefulness the proportion of falsely recognized theme words was on average 0.88±0.02, i.e. subjects falsely recognized 88% of the theme words, whereas after sleep and diurnal wakefulness false memory rate was 0.77±0.03 and 0.75±0.03, respectively (mean±SEM) [t (27) = 3.40, P = 0.002 and t (27) = 4.01, P<0.001, for pair-wise comparisons].
Similar(53)
Semantic interference triggered the false memory rates to be higher than those of other types of memory errors.
On the other hand, false memory rates are lower with reduced arousal and enhanced in high arousal conditions, e.g. following psychosocial stress [31] or emotional arousal [54].
It could be argued that false memory rates were higher in sleep deprived subjects simply due to loss of motivation or reduced compliance.
We first compared false memory rates in three groups of subjects with a delay of 9 hours between learning and retrieval testing (Figure 1).
The client identifies an image representative of a dysfunctional target memory, rates the emotional significance of the image and identifies concomitant physiological sensations.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com