Our analysis is divided into two cases: (i) no memory players, where players do not remember previous decisions, and (ii) one-step memory players, where the offers depend on players' last decision.
Case (b) combined with one-step memory players (ii), we verified, via MC simulations that, for the same number of iterations, the responder obtains different cumulative payoffs by setting different cutoff values.
The mass storage markets served by Flash NAND could begin using 3-D RRAM in 2017 to 2018, when 3-D NAND will slow down its scalability as predicted by all of the main memory players.
Rambus, with only $144 million in revenue last year, could seek more than $1 billion from the same memory players that have been singled out through the Department of Justice's price-fixing investigation.
And not content with anything less than total domination, in January Apple introduced the iPod shuffle, a flash-memory player, which is naturally smaller and better looking than anything the competition can yet muster.
Micron appears to be on its way to becoming a major flash-memory player, according to Credit Suisse.
The flash-memory players, like the Samsung Yepp YP-55 ($200), are typically less expensive, with most ranging from $100 to $250.
Because they are not shoveling hundreds of songs from the PC to the player, most flash-memory players use a simple, and slower, U.S.B. 1.1 connection.
But economy means smaller capacity; most flash-memory players can only store about 128, 256 or 512 megabytes worth of music -- enough for a few hours at the gym or jogging around the park.
While it may seem like he is the only one not buying Apple, the iPod's domestic market share in flash-memory players actually amounted to 68percentt during the first eight months of the year, according to the NPD Group, a research firm.
