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Several core data structures can trade memory for false positives, and we have explored these details in several papers, most notably Pell et al. 2012 and Zhang et al. 2014.
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These late potentials at frontal and parietal electrodes are thought to reflect post-retrieval evaluation processing, thus implicating a general monitoring process that is more effective for true memory than for false memory.
In contrast, ERPs with an onset after 800 ms have been shown to distinguish true memory, false memory, and correct endorsement of novel items, with the greatest amplitude for true memory and intermediate amplitude for false memory [ 11, 13- 18].
In that experiment, prefrontal cortical activity provided evidence for the role of semantic activation/priming in short-term false memory, in that relative decreases in activity for false memory suggested a failure to inhibit semantic fluency for falsely recognized related lures using frontally mediated control processing.
For instance, positive ERPs maximal at parietal electrodes from about 400 800 ms after stimulus onset are more positive for true memory (endorsements of studied items) than for false memory (endorsement of unstudied items) [ 9- 11].
Data from neuroimaging studies suggest that perception (e.g., in occipital and parietal brain structures [ 28]) and storage processes (e.g., hippocampus activation for true vs. false memories [ 35] and hippocampus deactivation for false context memories [ 12]) are relevant during encoding for the creation of a false memory representation.
The delay-related NIRS data for false memory errors was examined.
The regions activated during the delay for false memory trials are listed in Table 3.
Our results also showed that the same brain regions were activated for "false" memory trials where errors were coupled with a high degree of confidence.
Our goal was to identify neurocognitive processing relevant for false memory at this interval.
These parietal potentials, known generally as the late-positive complex (LPC) are related to the retrieval of episodic details from study [ 12], and could indicate that retrieval of these details is greater for studied items than for false memory events.
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