Further, ghrelin had no effect on a cognitive test battery comprising tests for working memory, fluid reasoning, creativity, mental speed, and attention.
Based on analyses of large test batteries administered to individuals ranging from young to old, four latent variables, or reference abilities (RAs) that capture the majority of the variance in age-related cognitive change have been identified: episodic memory, fluid reasoning, perceptual speed, and vocabulary.
BCRCs focus on non-tested skills reflects mounting evidence that both cognitive skills (e.g., processing speed, working memory, and fluid reasoning) and non-cognitive (or social-emotional) skills are critical to student success in school and later in life.
At the age of three, they were given tests measuring the five main factors that are used to describe general "intelligence" -- knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, working memory and fluid reasoning.
Children generally performed best on the test version that was designed for their own group, particularly on the cognitively and culturally complex working memory and figural fluid reasoning tests.
For instance, Baddeley's grammatical reasoning test (along with Raven's matrices) has been included in the NeuroCognitive Performance Test (Lumos Labs, Inc ., a short, web-based cognitive assessment tool to assess functioning in working memory, fluid and logical reasoning, and some other cognitive abilities (Morrison, Simone, Ng, & Hardy, 2015).
A sample of 47 college students were administered the TOH-R, LRT, as well as tests of working memory, procedural learning, and fluid reasoning.
The content familiarity of tests assessing short-term memory, attention, working memory, and figural and verbal fluid reasoning, was manipulated by constructing test versions with an item content derived from either Afrikaans or Tswana culture in South Africa.
The Fluid Reasoning, Knowledge, Quantitative Reasoning, Visual Spatial and Working Memory composite scores, and corresponding Verbal and Nonverbal subtest scores, were all significantly reduced in SDB compared to control children at both baseline and follow up.
By all means, processing speed, short-term memory, and long-term storage/retrieval are necessary in order for the brain to effectively "reasoning fluidly". However, it is erroneous to describe fluid reasoning as consisting of these abilities alone.
Hampshire, A., Thompson, R., Duncan, J. & Owen, A. M. Lateral prefrontal cortex subregions make dissociable contributions during fluid reasoning.
