Animal studies of PBDEs strongly suggest increased risk of thyroid hormone disruption [PBDEs and thyroxine (T4) are structurally similar], hyperactivity, cognitive deficits, and impaired memory (Costa and Giordano 2007).
We focused our statistical analyses on the associations between prenatal PBDE exposures and intellectual abilities and externalizing behavior problems and hyperactivity because of animal study evidence of hyperactivity and deficits in learning and memory (Costa and Giordano 2007).
A large body of animal research has accumulated information that indicates adverse effects of prenatal and early-life exposures to PBDEs on neurodevelopment, including changes in spontaneous motor activity characterized by hyperactivity, decreased habituation, and disruption of learning and memory (Costa and Giordano 2007).
eIF2α+/S51A (Eif2s1+/S51A) heterozygote mice display enhanced memory, while induction of the eIF2α kinase PKR in brain pyramidal cells impairs memory (Costa-Mattioli et al., 2007; Jiang et al., 2010).
ATF4-deficient mice show defects in eye development (Tanaka et al., 1998) and in production of erythrocytes by the fetal liver (Masuoka & Townes, 2002), as well as bone formation (Yoshizawa et al., 2009), angiogenesis (Wang et al., 2013), and elements of learning and memory (Costa-Mattioli et al., 2007).
Extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERKs) are key genes in activating survival pathways (Roskoski, 2012), and their transient activation plays an important role in memory‐related processes (Costa & Silva, 2002).
This paper is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Costas Kastritsis.
A body of evidence demonstrates that musicians outperform non-musicians on various cognitive abilities far beyond what the skill involves, such as verbal memory and visuospatial abilities (Costa-Giomi, 1999; Franklin et al., 2008).
The Franco Lalama scholarship will help volunteers to fund their travels as they connect with others, learn from others, and create their own Costa Rica memories.
Caffeine also prevents age-associated recognition memory decline in old mice (Costa et al., 2008) and ameliorates pathological traits that are observed in a transgenic model of proteotoxicity associated with Alzheimer's disease (Lublin et al., 2011).
Bush's chat with Costas uncovered his outstanding Olympic memory: fellow Texan Bobby Morrow winning the 100-meter sprint at the 1956 Summer Games.
