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Here, we also found that a farming environment was related to a more pronounced T cell memory conversion and cytokine production.
Finally, a farming environment was associated with lower proportions of FOXP3+CD25high T cells in early infancy and to a more prominent T cell memory conversion and cytokine production.
We examined the proportions of FOXP3- or CTLA-4-expressing T cells as well as T cell activation, memory conversion and homing markers, and whether the pattern of T cell subsets and activity status was related to the development of sensitization and allergic disease later in childhood.
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Following exposure to antigen, T cells proceed through three defined phases: activation and clonal expansion, contraction and memory conversion [4] [6].
Antigenic load, costimulation, CD4-help, cytokines and chemokines fluctuate during the course of an antiviral immune response thus affecting CD8 T cell activation and memory conversion.
Our results suggest an inverse correlation between the degree of antigen-specific expansion and memory conversion for CD8 T cells, which may aid in the development of more effective vaccines and perhaps the treatment of autoimmune, CD8-mediated autoimmune diseases.
To study how the timing at which a naïve T-cell enters an antiviral response affects its proliferation and memory conversion, P14/GFP+ CD8 T cells were either transferred on day 0 (early) or day 3 (late) postinfection.
Increasing the inflammatory milieu after treatment with CpG, poly I C or IFNγ had no significant effect on the late transferred cells, indicating that antigen load during infection was likely the main factor that determined their survival and memory conversion.
As expected, the response kinetics of the P14 T cells transferred early were similar to the endogenous antigen-specific populations: defined clonal expansion, contraction and memory conversion phases were observed.
In summary, our results support that sufficient and effective memory conversion could be achieved in vivo even at a reduced antigen dose, providing important implications for vaccine design.
In order to identify parameters other than viral antigenic load that differ and could affect memory conversion of antiviral CD8 T cells, mice that had received naïve P14/GFP+ cells late were treated the day after the cell transfer with polyI C (100 µg/mouse), CpG (200 µg/mouse) or recombinant IFNγ (50 ng/mouse).
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