Membrane voltages were not corrected for the liquid junction potentials: VLJ K-gluconate) = 16.2 mVLJ K-gluconateO3) = 9.8 mV.
Membrane voltages were obtained as reversal potentials from I/V curves and were also measured directly under current clamp, which supplied the exact same numbers.
When normal lymphocytes were incubated with Fas ligand (FasL; 2 h, 0.5 μg/ml), whole-cell currents increased and membrane voltages were depolarized, similar to current activation by ionomycin.
A hyperpolarizing (or negative) shift in the steady-state activation dependency, reflecting an increase in Kv channel activation at negative membrane voltages, was observed, as demonstrated in Fig. 2. A significantly decreased current amplitude occurring at membrane potentials positive to 0 mV, i.e., in the voltage range where the current activation is mostly completed, was also prominent.
Some possible combinations of open time and across membrane voltage are shown in Figure 5.
The Vogel et al. mathematical model was chosen to represent the dynamic properties of the GJ channels because it can be modified to represent heterotypic GJs and it reproduces the key features of V j-gating of GJs: (1) (2) (3)To simulate F-M coupling, the myocyte (V myo) and the fibroblast (V fib) membrane voltage are derived from (1).
The membrane voltage is scaled according to V = v k v, where k v is the typical range over which the modified propofol model trajectories evolve in the V-direction.
When the membrane voltage is below the synaptic threshold, these variables recover to their steady-state values of 1 and U, with time constants τ 2 and τ 4, respectively.
The effect of the stimulation pulse on membrane voltage was calculated using equations described previously [14].
The neuron's membrane voltage is proposed to signal the difference between current and prior information ("prediction error" or "surprise").
