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Membrane surface was characterized by AFM, contact angle measurement and FTIR.
Protein adsorption on membrane surface was considerably mitigated, as well as membrane fouling during filtration process.
Moreover, the membrane surface was changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic after silane groups were grafted.
The PLLC membrane surface was aminolyzed by 1,6-hexanediamine to introduce free amino groups.
The shear stress on the simulated membrane surface was measured directly.
When PAA was not added to feed, the nature of deposition on the membrane surface was different.
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The effects of metal particle on membrane surface were concluded.
Generally, higher charge density on a membrane surface is accompanying with higher hydrophilicity of the membrane.
The cells, migrated to the lower membrane surface, are representative of the migrated cells.
The particles in the cell membrane surface are mainly composed of carbohydrates and proteins.
The bentonite deposit is compressible and characteristics of particles accumulation at the membrane surface are investigated.
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