The staples were recognized in thin sections as electron dense plaques within Golgi cisternae (arrows, Figure 5A C) spanning a gap of 27 ± 3 nm between opposing membrane surfaces, similar to their morphology within the ER.
A rust layer on the membrane surface had similar effects on the flux and polarisation which could also be calculated.
The extent to which this constitutive location permits the tBid - Mcl-1 - Bak axis to deviate from the tBid - Bcl-XL - Bax model is not completely understood but events for Bax and Bak at the membrane surface are quite similar [ 9, 13].
To examine the effect of the TM helix orientation on the interaction of the JM sequence with the membrane surface, we performed similar experiments as described above to determine whether PIP2 affected the fluorescence intensity of the Alexa probe incorporated at the C-terminus of the TM JM (WT) peptide.
In the case of ϕ-OEG-lipid (blue solid circles), the precursor HA on ϕ-OEG-lipid is at a similar height from the membrane surface as the glycan receptor 33, which is also spaced by the OEG linker.
For other secondary lipids with functional group at similar heights from the membrane surface as the specific glycan receptor (33), we find enhancement or inhibition of HA binding, depending on the nature of the functionality.
Similar polymorphism was also evidenced in membrane surface expressed proteins highlighting the highly dynamic and diverse surface architecture of otherwise closely related strains.
Proteolytic shedding has been proposed as the key mechanism by which MICA is released from the cell surface, similar to the cleavage occurring with other membrane-bound proteins.
We believe that the surface features of the membrane surface play a major role in nanotube nucleation and sustaining the growth (a similar mechanism was described for the silicon surface with mechanically written features [32]).
