Sentence examples for membrane surface roughness from inspiring English sources

Furthermore, the increased membrane surface roughness might relatively explain such flux enrichment.

The PDA coating significantly improved membrane surface hydrophilicity as well as reduced membrane surface roughness.

The addition of nanoparticles evidently increased the membrane surface roughness, as observed in the AFM images.

Therefore, an effort on designing MD modules using feed and permeate spacers and controlling the membrane surface roughness to increase the convection heat transfer and TPC in the channel aiming to enhance the flux is required because the currently developed mass transfer has almost reached the critical point.

The AFM images revealed increased HUVEC activity in response to VEGF165 treatment and cells with pleomorphic appearance, obvious pseudopodia, larger particles, and increased cell membrane surface roughness; in contrast, the HUVECs appeared to be less active after AuNP treatment.

The results showed a smooth membrane surface and average surface roughness from 31 to 74 nm.

Although the QAC modified membrane exhibited comparable surface roughness, hydrophilicity and water permeability with the pristine membrane, the former displayed clear antibacterial effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria compared to the pristine membrane, i.e., ~93% and ~92% inhibition of S. aureus and E. coli, respectively.

The roughness of the cell membrane is also an indicator of cell's health state [ 4, 5] and the skeletal integrity of the membrane, measured as surface roughness, is well correlated to the functional status of the cell, with a decrease of the membrane roughness seen in cells from diseased individuals [ 3, 6].

The surface pore sizes, bulk porosities, water permeability and alginic acid sodium salt rejection properties of the prepared PK membranes were determined, and the surface roughness, membrane thickness, pure water permeability, salt permeability and FO performance of the PK-based FO membranes were characterized.

Therefore, it was observed that inclusion of polyaniline in polysulfone membrane altered the surface roughness properties.

As a result, it was found that polyaniline not only increased the separation characteristics, but also altered the membrane morphology and surface roughness.