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Receptor-ligand interactions between synthetic peptides and normal human erythrocytes were studied to determine P. falciparum merozoite surface protein-10 (MSP-10) regions specifically binding to membrane surface receptors on human erythrocytes.
Mechanistically, BMPs interacts with the membrane surface receptors, such as ALK1 and ALK2, and mediates the kinase activities of these receptors [27], [28].
During microbe recognition, SPZ is cleaved by the activated enzyme SPE and then transduces signals to membrane surface receptors.
Accumulating data suggest that Scr1 functions in signal transduction pathways by physically associating with either membrane surface receptors or Src family kinases [ 8– 12].
The downstream effector proteins of BMP and Shh, Smad and Gli proteins, respectively, are both transcription factors regulated by ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis, as are BMP cell membrane surface receptors [ 99].
BPA has long been described as a weak estrogen due to its low affinity for nuclear estrogen receptors, but recent studies have shown that BPA is equipotent with estradiol in its ability to initiate rapid nongenomic responses from membrane surface receptors (Quesada et al. 2002; Wozniak et al. 2005).
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The Fas/Fas ligand system is comprised of the cell membrane surface receptor Fas (CD95) and its natural ligand, namely Fas ligand [ 28].
Low levels of this membrane surface receptor were not well detected by an IHC assay method, which may also explain why HER3 expression levels appear uncorrelated with patritumab efficacy in our study.
Considering that in vivo astrocytes are capable of cellular communication both via membrane surface receptor-operated systems and/or gjs between two neighbouring cells, the investigation of the presence and activity of these mechanisms is fundamental in proposing GL15 cells to be an in vitro model of astrocytes.
The number of transcription proteins obtained as putative mRNA targets regulated by hsa-miR-145, hsa-miR-576-5p and hsa-miR-1227 were also high (18% to 19%), whereas secretory, membrane, surface or receptor proteins as predicted targets regulated by hsa-miR-149, hsa-miR-483-5p hsa-miR-483-5p hsa-miR-483-5p hsa-miR-483-5p were also elevated (15 to 19%).
Eukaryotic cell excitability and responsiveness typically depend on membrane-embedded surface receptors or channels.
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