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In order to assess membrane resistance changes during UP states, we injected hyperpolarizing current pulses into recorded neurons during UP and DOWN states (Figure 7).
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The results showed that when a thin membrane was used in a cell the performance and the membrane resistance changed a little while the anode humidity changed from saturated to dry.
The pore-forming activity recorded during cell-attach experiments on granule cell somata indicates that the membrane resistance change is likely to represent a primary effect of ET. This change is associated with an inward increase of the resting current in the range of 50 100 pA, which depolarizes the granule cells thus reaching the threshold for initiating action potentials.
Further possible contributions to the cell layer's total impedance (for example the cell membrane resistance change) can be neglected in this first order approximation.
The plateau of the cardiac AP is maintained by a balance between small outward K+ currents and a small inward Ca2+ current, and due to the high membrane resistance, fairly small changes in ion conductance can alter AP duration.
Assuming that a reduction in Rin indicates a reduction in membrane resistance, then this change decreases the membrane time constant and the passive space constant.
When appropriate, changes in membrane resistance were determined from membrane current changes induced by a hyperpolarizing step of 10 mV under voltage-clamp.
By applying a membrane mechanics model the resistance changes can be linked to the strain in the membrane and then the plane strain gauge factor kPS for PEDOT/PSS of 0.48±0.07 at 36.6±3% rH can be determined.
As the bumps reflected fast changes in membrane resistance, the data suggest that their shape is predominantly driven by fast changes in the light-gated conductance.
The second component showed amplitude variations, which correlate to ohmic resistance changes, from membrane hydration occurring during the current step.
In the experiments shown, the permeability ratios (Erev for tested cation relative to Erev for Mg2+) were corrected for changes in membrane resistance caused by the respective divalent cation using values from H2O-injected oocytes (Fig. 9).
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