The objectives of this research were to understand the mechanisms leading to fouling of the membranes and to evaluate how the process parameters affect membrane performance.
Local experimental data on key process parameters, throughout membrane sheets of spiral-wound membrane (SWM) elements, are unavailable and very difficult to obtain; therefore, theoretical models are essential to better understand the evolution of fouling, which is helpful for improving design and operation of these modules.
The effects of process parameters in membrane emulsification have been studied, especially on a quantitative level.
Table 1 Process parameters and membrane fabrication conditions Parameter Condition Casting solution composition 1 wt.% PIM-1; 99 wt.% CHCl3; 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 wt.% CNT with respect to polymer Casting temperature Ambient temperature, 28°C Casting speed 0.39 m/min Drying procedure Air dried (ambient conditions for 24 h).
The reproducibility of the data was highly encouraging, proving that this HT-approach can be a useful tool to rapidly screen a large array of operational parameters in membrane processes and of synthesis parameters in the development of new membranes.
The reproducibility of the data was highly encouraging, proving that this HT approach can be a useful tool to rapidly screen a large array of operational parameters in membrane processes and of synthesis parameters in the development of new high-performing membranes.
These results become specifically significant in the context of drinking water production, for which they provide relevant information for an accurate selection between membrane processes and operational parameters for the removal of nC60 in the drinking water treatment.
During the performance, at every 15 min time interval, process parameters such as membrane stack potential, pH (in AC, BC, EC, and FC), and acid base concentration of the solutions (in AC and BC) were determined by means of digital multimeters, pH meter (Hanna HI 96107 pocket size pH meter), and standard acid base titration procedure, respectively.
The influence of several process parameters, such as space time, overall membrane mass transfer coefficient and aqueous-organic phase distribution coefficient is investigated.
The results indicate that the process parameters were capable of producing PLLA-PLC Lmembranes presenting fibers with diameters in the nanometer range.
