Although the role of this proton leak is unclear, it has been suggested to lower mitochondrial membrane potential and, subsequently, reduce mitochondrial ROS production.
In the present study, we demonstrated that indomethacin actually causes loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and subsequently results in the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in GLC4-Adr cells.
Yang et al. also pointed out that Tan IIA caused the release of cytochrome c, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and subsequently the apoptosis of the EAhy926 human endothelial cells [ 19].
During periods of activity, the membrane potential depolarizes and subsequently repolarizes over a period of about one to several milliseconds [ 1].
The elevations of Bax protein is associated with the involvement of mitochondrial (intrinsic) pathway in apoptosis which involves the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome C releases and subsequently leading to caspases activation [36].
Subsequently a membrane potential was generated by either an inward or outward directed potassium gradient.
According to the most recently proposed model, PINK1 selectively localizes to low-quality mitochondria by escaping mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm -dependent degradation and subsequently undergoes autophosphorylation-dependent activation (Jin et al. 13; Okatsu et al. 30).
Evidence suggests that HC elicit cytotoxicity through mitochondrial failure related to mitochondrial membrane potential at an early stage and subsequently lipid peroxidation through oxidative stress at a later stage [ 39].
Membrane GRs that are present in normal and in cancerous lymphoid cells may be involved in disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential and in decreased ATP availability, and subsequently may lead to apoptosis [ 101].
Although Ed associates with the cell membrane, it has also been shown to accumulate in the mitochondria and it subsequently disrupts the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) leading to apoptosis of leukemic cells.
