However, once Ca2+ signaling in the mitochondria passes a certain threshold, it stimulates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in part by collapsing the mitochondrial membrane potential required for metabolism.
To examine if the loss of membrane potential required Ca2+ the mitochondria were preincubated with the Ca2+-transport inhibitor Ruthenium Red and exposed to HAMLET.
The activity of efflux pump in various resistant clinical isolates has been characterized by using different efflux pump inhibitors that compete with the antibiotic efflux or with an energy poison that collapses the membrane potential required for the active antibiotic transport [22] [24].
This might be sufficient to increase aldosterone secretion but not achieve the threshold levels or rapid changes in membrane potential required for epilepsy.
Because these studies were carried out under conditions where vancomycin or c-nisin reduced the binding of b-nisin to spores, these results suggest that nisin-dependent reduction of the trans-membrane potential requires binding to lipid II in newly germinated spores.
A linear fit is applied to the data to determine the measured trans-membrane potential required to stop the current generated by a pH gradient of one pH unit (Vm).
However, the prooxidant effects of mitoQ and the effects on fuel selectivity are not explained by decreased membrane potential and require the quinone moiety of the compound.
► Membrane potential is required for the formation of the macromolecular divisome.
These results suggest that both endogenous HNE production and high membrane potential are required before mild uncoupling will be triggered to attenuate mitochondrial ROS production.
In our previous report on PBR-ligand-mediated apoptosis of oesophageal cancer cells, we showed that disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential was required for caspase-3 activation (Sutter et al, 2002).
