The monovalent chloride electrolytes of concentrations c1 and c2, in both the compartments of the cell, were vigorously stirred by a magnetic stirrer to minimize the effects of boundary layers on the membrane potential (mV ± 0.5).
The time evolution of the membrane potential (V), which followed the current conservation, is given by (1) C d V d t = − I leak − I h − I CaT − I CaS − I KCa + I inp, where V is the membrane potential (mV), t is time (msec), C is the membrane capacitance (nF/cm), and Iinp is a time-dependent input current.
Standard errors of the mean were calculated for ShB-IR expressing oocytes at specified membrane potentials (−110 mV, −100 mV, −90 mV, −80 mV, −70 mV, −60 mV, −50 mV, −40 mV, −30 mV, −20 mV, −10 mV, 0 mV, 10 mV, 20 mV, 30 mV).
Standard errors of the mean were calculated for both control and ShB-IR expressing oocytes at specified membrane potentials (−110 mV, −100 mV, −90 mV, −80 mV, −70 mV, −60 mV, −50 mV, −40 mV, −30 mV, −20 mV, −10 mV, 0 mV, 10 mV, 20 mV, 30 mV).
As the external calcium concentration is halved, threshold potential (−63.3 mV) almost equals the resting membrane potential (−64 mV), thus making the cells very likely to be excited.
I (pA) is the current amplitude at the membrane potential V (mV), and Vr is the reversal potential of potassium [−85.5 mV; (Leao et al., 2012)].
hESC-CMs were categorized into pacemaker-, atrial- or ventricular-like phenotypes, based on such common electrophysiological characteristics as the AP amplitude (mV), upstroke velocity (mV/ms), APD50 and APD90 (ms), as well as the resting membrane potential (RMP, mV).
In the present work, we observed that the peptide BTM-P1d, similarly to BTM-P1, caused permeabilization of the RBC with artificially generated high membrane potential (−85 mV approximately [ 28]), whereas it did not permeabilize normal cells with a very low membrane potential (−10 mV approximately, see [ 28] for references).
At the hyperpolarized membrane potential (−140 mV) the red emission of the JC-1 aggregates shifts towards 590 nm.
At the depolarized membrane potential (−100 mV), the JC-1 green monomer emission peaks at about 527 nm.
