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In eukaryotic cells, essential oils can induce the depolarization of the mitochondrial membranes by decreasing the membrane potential, affecting Ca++ and other ion channels, and reducing the pH gradient, affecting (as in bacteria) the proton pump and the ATP pool [ 51].
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What are the mechanisms by which changes in membrane potential affect synaptic transmission?
Changes of membrane potential affects [Ca2+]i.
Membrane potential affects the cell cycle progression.
Moreover, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential affect turnover and regulation of dysfunctional mitochondria in the cell through fusion/fission and targeting for elimination by mitophagy (mitochondrial-specific autophagy).
This approach will be more specific to examine how mitochondrial calcium uptake affects the effector functions of IL6-treated cells because mitochondrial membrane potential affected by CCCP and antimycin cannot address this point.
However, it is known that silver increases the permeability of bacterial membranes resulting in the collapse of membrane potential thus affecting ion transport processes and the depletion of intercellular ATP [17, 62].
Consistent with this, XCT 790 decreased mitochondrial membrane potential without affecting mitochondrial mass.
Our observation demonstrating loss of mitochondrial membrane potential without affecting cell membrane integrity argues in favor of an apoptotic fate.
Consistent with this finding, lipid peroxidation observed in CLL patients with ATM deletions may disturb the mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby affecting its normal activity.
Mitochondria are also susceptible to insult from multiple natural and synthetic compounds that exert their toxicity by a) altering mtDNA integrity, b) inhibiting complexes in the ETC, c) modifying membrane potential, d) affecting Ca2+ transport, and e) activating proapoptotic signaling (Meyer et al. 2013).
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