DAP1 is also required for normal ergosterol levels in S. cerevisiae; however dap1 strains did not possess increased membrane permeability despite lower levels of ergosterol [ 63].
The antibacterial mechanism of GO-AgCl/Ag was also investigated by evaluating membrane permeability and ROS level.
ISO induces cardiac necrosis by several mechanisms, including increased oxygen consumption, poor oxygen utilization, increased calcium overload and accumulation, altered myocardial cell metabolism, increased myocardial cAMP levels, deranged electrolyte milieu, altered membrane permeability, intracellular acidosis, and increased levels of lipid peroxides [ 10].
In a previous report, mitochondrial H+-ATPase inhibitor was found to increase mitochondrial membrane permeability, to decrease cellular ATP levels and to stimulate reactive oxygen species production, subsequently leading to the activation of stress-activated pathways and p21 induction [ 48].
Exogenous application of ATP induced a reduction of alternative oxidase 1 expression, enhancing antioxidant systems and delayed pericarp browning in litchi Additionally, elevated ATP and energy levels decrease membrane permeability and production of reactive oxygen species during ripening.
The level of membrane permeability was represented by the relative conductivity.
This requirement appears to be largely due to these inhibitors' less than acceptable level of membrane permeability and intracellular stability (Liu et al. 2011).
Many studies have reported impaired mitochondrial respiration [ 13, 14], depletion of hepatocellular ATP levels [ 15, 16], opening of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore [ 17], and increased levels of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) or the ratio of GSSG GSH, suggesting the involvement of an oxidant stress following AAP overdose [ 15, 18].
Every 4 days, samples were taken for measurement of ROS levels and cell membrane permeability.
When a one-stage temperature control strategy was used, the membrane permeability was generally at a low level.
