The higher OCV of SA/SGO and alginate membrane is the big indicator that synthesized membrane has lower methanol permeability compared to Nafion, which the main objective of this study is successfully achieved.
The water uptake, ion exchange capacity, mechanical strength of bSPI membranes are larger than or close to those of Nafion 117 membrane, and bSPI membranes exhibit remarkably lower vanadium ion permeability compared with Nafion 117 membrane.
As a result, the acid-base blend membranes exhibit higher water uptake, IEC and lower vanadium ion permeability compared to Nafion117 membranes and all these properties decrease with the increase of PEI.
The reduced reverse solute diffusion can be attributed to the enhanced membrane selectivity: TFC-C0.5 had better rejection and similar water permeability compared to the original TFC membrane.
The membranes containing SWO3 nanoparticles indicated higher proton conductivity and lower methanol permeability compared with pristine SPPEK and blend membranes.
Some experimental studies used carbon nanotubes as inorganic nanofillers to fabricate MMM, and an improvement of the gas permeability compared to the neat polymer membranes was observed.
Before the copper concentration reaches 100 μmol/L, membrane permeability changes little compared with control group.
Without a significant increase of the membrane resistance, the semi-IPNs demonstrated a reduction of the methanol permeability, comparing to the native Nafion.
As shown in Figure 1, almost all of the VBRB groups showed significantly increased membrane permeability in BRL cells, compared with control.
Differences observed in plasma membrane permeability to water and cryoprotectants, compared with later stages of development, makes oocyte survival rate very low with standard slow freezing protocols (Agca et al., 1998; Ford et al., 2000; Van den Abbeel et al., 2007).
