With the membranes outside the reactor for the staged-separation membrane reactor, it becomes possible to operate under more favorable conditions for both reaction and membrane separation to achieve better overall performance.
LAT-associated Gads bring SLP-76 to the plasma membrane where it becomes phosphorylated, allowing its interactions with the exchange factor Vav, the adaptor proteins Nck and SLAP-130/Fyb, and the tec PTK Itk.
The ubiquitin E3 ligase, TRAF6, can ubiquinate Akt and promote its translocation to the plasma membrane, where it becomes phosphorylated at the T308 position.
When an immobilized phagosome is pressed against the plasma membrane as a cell attempts to migrate, the phosphoinositide composition of the phagosome membrane changes; it becomes capable of binding PHcrac-GFP, a biosensor for PI 3,4,5 P3 and PI 3,4 P2, phosphoinositides that are normally restricted to nascent and just-sealed endosomes [44].
An important step of activation of Akt is its translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane, where it becomes activated in response to the stimulation of growth factor receptors at the cell surface.
When this information is sparse or not available, as is the case for many membrane proteins, it becomes necessary to estimate affinities using only the properties of the ligand.
Subsequently, the serine/threonine kinase AKT is recruited to the cell membrane where it becomes phosphorylated and activated.
Ras:GTP then recruits Raf to the membrane where it becomes activated, likely via a Src-family tyrosine (Y) kinase [ 9].
In many cell types, upon serum starvation, the centrosome translocates and is docked to the plasma membrane, where it becomes the basal body.
