precipitation, neutralization, membrane filtration, ion exchange, flotation and adsorption.
Water pollution and its remediation are principal health issues, and various procedures have been proposed including chemical precipitation, membrane filtration, ion exchange, coagulation, electrocoagulation, and adsorption.
Several treatment methods are applied in wastewater treatment, such as adsorption, oxidation process, lime addition, neutralization, membrane filtration, ion exchange, reverse osmosis and coag-flocculation [2].
Mercury can be removed from (waste water by several methods, such as chemical precipitation, membrane filtration, ion exchange, electrodialysis, solvent extraction and adsorption.
Heavy metals removal from wastewater remains a vital health and environmental issue, and various procedures have been suggested namely, chemical precipitation, membrane filtration, ion exchange, coagulation, adsorption and electrocoagulation (Ali et al. 2012).
The most commonly used methods for defluoridation of drinking water are reverse osmosis, precipitation, membrane filtration, ion-exchange, etc. (Yadav et al., n.d).
Several traditional methods including adsorption, coagulation, flocculation, ozonation, membrane-filtration, ion-exchange, oxidation, and chemical precipitation are known for the treatment of dye-containing effluents [1, 2].
Water treatment technologies examined include clarification (ballasted flocculation, dissolved air flotation, electrocoagulation), membrane filtration (ultrafiltration), ion exchange softening and desalination (ion exchange, reverse osmosis desalination and capacitance deionization).
These are coagulation, chemical oxidation, photodegradation, aerobic or anaerobic oxidation, precipitation, membrane filtration, dialysis, ion exchange, solvent extraction, reverse osmosis, among others [9, 10].
Therefore, an adequate treatment of the polluted wastewater is practiced, i.e., chemical precipitation, membrane filtration, electrolysis, ion exchange, carbon adsorption and co-precipitation/adsorption.
The use of low-cost sorbents has become an alternative to expensive methods such as membrane filtration or ion exchange [1,2].
