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Cell membrane ergosterol levels were analyzed by a previously published method with slight modifications [11].
Hence, altered plasma membrane ergosterol levels may change Fps1p activity to facilitate arsenite entry.
Moreover, an fps1Δ mutant has reduced whole-cell and plasma membrane ergosterol levels compared to wild-type cells [ 50].
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Similarly, resistance against amphotericin and echinocandins is rare; however, it does occur if levels of the plasma membrane ergosterol and the cell wall (1,3)- β-D-glucan are reduced by mutations in the ERG3 and GSC1 genes, respectively [ 4].
Taken together our data suggest role of ArfGAP2/3 at endosomes in the transport of a subset of cargoes, whose plasma membrane residence time might be sensitive to ergosterol levels.
These results indicate that accumulation of sterol intermediates with a concomitant decrease in ergosterol levels renders are1Δ are2Δ doa10Δ cells vulnerable to membrane stress, perhaps due to the inability to adjust membrane fluidity.
According to Leber et al. [ 26], when ergosterol synthesis is inhibited, steryl esters are hydrolyzed and ergosterol levels remain sufficiently high to maintain membrane formation and growth for some time, and no genes involved in ergosterol synthesis are induced.
We previously demonstrated that iron deprivation enhances drug susceptibility of Candida albicans by increasing membrane fluidity which correlated with the lower expression of ERG11 transcript and ergosterol levels.
DAP1 is also required for normal ergosterol levels in S. cerevisiae; however dap1 strains did not possess increased membrane permeability despite lower levels of ergosterol [ 63].
Our analysis of ergosterol levels by previously described methods [12] demonstrated that AC had lower cell membrane ergosterol content when compared to PC (32.3% PC versus 10.1% AC for CLF 52; 37.6% PC versus 4.8% AC for CLF 29; p = 0.01; representative of three separate experiments).
Filipin is a polyene antibiotic frequently used as a probe for its ability to bind with the membrane ergosterol.
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