In membrane distillation, steam from boiled seawater passes though a one-way permeable membrane, to be condensed on a cold surface and collected.
The process is based on a combination of membrane distillation (MD) and osmotic distillation (OD) steps with integrated crystallization.
The ethanol content in the substrates after SSF was measured before AD to demonstrate that most of the ethanol was distilled off during the distillation step.
The new technology enhances efficiency by putting water through a cascade of membrane distillation processes working at progressively lower temperatures and pressures, recovering energy at each step to power the next.
Those methods include boiling, granular activated-carbon filtering, distillation, reverse osmosis, and direct contact membrane distillation.
In the second step of the investigations, the TNT600 were applied for degradation of AR18 in a photocatalytic membrane reactor coupling photocatalysis with membrane distillation.
The membrane processes include reverse osmosis, membrane distillation and electrodialysis.
Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermally driven membrane process.
Membrane distillation (MD) is a hybrid of thermal distillation and membrane separation.
Open image in new window Fig. 1 Depiction of membrane distillation and forward osmosis.
