Again, the membrane disruption appeared to be independent of nanoparticle concentration (Figure 6A2).
Taking into account all of the proposed and observed mechanisms of amylin-induced cytotoxicity, it thus appears that membrane disruption, generation of ROS, and apoptosis are interrelated.
Therefore, they explained that the Candida cell death due to α-MSH exposure was caused by cAMP induction, a receptor mediated mechanism, and it appeared that membrane disruption was perhaps the consequence rather than the cause of C. albicans death.
This activity appeared to result from membrane disruption, a trait common among many antimicrobials [21].
The mode action of antibacterial peptides of APM appear to follow a membrane disruption model because peptide- mediated membrane disruption depended on the peptide integrity of cell membrane or peptide translocation into the cytoplasm [ 31, 32].
After 16 h almost only red fluorescent hyphae appeared in the NFAP-treated sample pointing towards a massive membrane disruption as a consequence of the long-time cell killing effect of NFAP (Fig. 1B).
Overall, it does not appear that cell size is the only factor dictating the degree of membrane disruption and cell survival.
Random polycarbonate polymers self-assembled in solution but appeared highly dynamic; such behaviors are desirable as ready disassembly of polymers at the microbial membrane facilitates membrane disruption.
Intracellular red fluorescence indicates membrane disruption.
It is particularly useful for membrane disruption.
