Hence, by increasing the concentration of the extracts in extra membrane, it diffuses to intra membrane until it gets to a specific concentration, which leads to membrane destruction and haemolytic effects [ 10].
The DNA damage results in various molecular and physiological effects, such as reduced protein synthesis, cell membrane destruction, and damage to mitochondrial proteins, which affects growth and development of the whole organism [ 43].
The structure of ADAMs was found to be related to soluble snake venom proteins which induce hemorrhage and basement membrane destruction [ 11, 12].
However, these findings should be interpreted with caution because genotoxicity may result from cytotoxicity, which causes DNA damage or from cell membrane destruction and indirect oxidative DNA damage.
And the attack of the photogenerated ROS on the cell membrane can lead to the membrane destruction, then results in the changes in the permeability on the target cell membrane, which causes the efflux of cytoplasm and the apoptosis or death of the target caner cells [28, 29, 32].
The methanolic extract of aerial part of E. hirta was predominantly composed of terpenoid (60.5%) which is often regarded as an active entity accountable for the membrane destruction and biofilm cell detachment.
A major factor appears to be membrane destruction via lipid peroxidation [9, 17].
However, the extent of membrane destruction increased after 7 days as shown by fluorescence images in Fig. 4b1 7 and b2 7.
Lipid peroxidation mediated by free radicals is considered a primary mechanism of cell membrane destruction [ 26].
- Appetite 4 Self-Destruction", which was released last year.
