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In another study when A549 cells were exposed to SW-CNTs at 250 500 µg/ml for 72 h, it resulted in oxidative response and membrane damage, induced by inflammatory response [111].
In the pre-treatment approach, the incidence of micronuclei was reduced by 35.52% compared to control while malondialdehyde level decreased by 36% indicating a significant mitigation of membrane damage induced by plasma.
The protective effect of Syk inhibitors suggested that, in G− RBCs, AE1 hyper-phosphorylation may play a role in the progressive membrane damage induced by oxidant treatments.
To directly test whether membrane damage induced by LLO was sufficient for autophagy activation during the early stages of infection, we incubated macrophages with liposomes containing either active or heat-killed LLO (HK-LLO) in the presence of Texas Red dextran as a fluid-phase marker [31], [32].
This suggests that membrane damage induced by fulleropyrrolidine is sufficient to produce release of higher molecular weight species.
Results showed that the number of lysosome increased, which is an important indicator of apoptosis, and cell membrane damage induced by viral infection.
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These results are consistent with a model wherein phagosomal membrane damage induces autophagy.
Erythrocytes are a convenient model to understand the membrane oxidative damage induced by various xenobiotic-prooxidants.
It possibly acts by protecting the cells from membrane-associated damage induced by bile.
Membrane damage was induced with a FluoView® FV1000 two-photon confocal laser-scanning microscope (Olympus, Center Valley, PA USA).
To investigate whether the NHS-dependent DNA degradation is a general effect after any form of cell membrane damage, we induced primary necrosis.
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wall damage induced
membrane ruffling induced
membrane permealization induced
membrane expression induced
membrane destabilisation induced
membrane depolarization induced
membrane invagination induced
membrane damage caused
membrane anchorage induced
membrane aggregation induced
membrane curvature induced
membrane caveolae induced
membrane damage seen
membrane mirror induced
membrane thickness induced
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