This double membrane spanning complex, mediated by SUN-KASH bridges, links the cytoskeleton to the nucleoskeleton and is referred to as the 'linker of nucleoskeleton to cytoskeleton' (LINC) complex (Refs 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35) (Fig. 2).
(A ) Modular parallel four-helix bundle structure of an assembled neuronal SNARE complex mediating membrane fusion.
GARP complex mediates membrane tethering, and it is not clear whether the changes in sphingolipids result directly from a retrograde trafficking defect.
This suggests that the small claudins and pasifloras act only in cis to form ribbons, while the single-pass membrane proteins of the complex mediate the trans interaction with the neighboring cell via their large extracellular adhesive domains.
Their passage is mediated by specialized membrane complexes called translocases.
Laminins in the extracellular matrix, dystroglycan in the membrane, and dystrophins in the cytomatrix form a complex mediating the polarized expression of Kir4.1 and aquaporin-4 in Müller cells.
The retromer complex mediates endosomal protein sorting by concentrating membrane proteins (cargo) into nascent tubules formed through the action of sorting nexin (SNX) proteins.
The Mek1/Magi1/PTEN complex mediates the translocation of PTEN to the membrane, where it affects the amount of PIP3 and ultimately Akt activity (Fig. 1B).
Upon calcium-dependent stimulation, the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment receptor (SNARE) complex mediates the fusion of SGs with the plasma membrane (Burgoyne and Morgan 2003).
The Rap1-GTP/afadin comediatesdiathe the recruitment of p120-catenin to the plasma membrane [ 51, 52], thus stabilizing VE-cadherin and protecting it from endocytosis [ 53].
