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Apoptosis is characterized morphologically by cell membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation.
Morphological changes during apoptosis include plasma membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation and formation of apoptotic bodies (Makin and Dive, 2001).
Cells undergoing apoptosis display characteristic changes in their morphology including plasma membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage, condensation and fragmentation of the nucleus and the formation of apoptotic bodies.
Furthermore, BTB extract induced morphological changes in treated cell, including cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, cell rounding and decreased volume.
The term "apoptosis" was originally coined to describe a specific type of cell death characterized by specific cellular morphological changes, including membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and chromosomal DNA fragmentation.
Apoptotic cells display a range of common characteristics that include cell shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, cell detachment, nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) and activation of caspases.
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Suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis is characterized by erythrocyte shrinkage, cell membrane blebbing, and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface.
The equinatoxin from the sea anemone Actinia equina also causes membrane blebbing and cell lysis via a mechanism involving Ca2+-mediated PIP2 hydrolysis at the inner membrane and the formation of membrane pores in target cells (Garcia-Saez et al., 2011).
Interestingly, about half of the target cells dying slowly displayed membrane blebbing, while cells with abrupt calcein leaking showed no blebbing but instead rapid swelling and bursting.
Indeed overexpression of LIMK2 does not induce membrane blebbing in cells.
Differently, a minor population of MO3.13 cells reacted to PSY with a very fast Ca2+ increase coupled to mitochondrial potential loss, followed by cell lysis without membrane blebbing, indicating necrotic cell death induction.
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