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For E. coli, extensive studies have shown that membrane binding is mediated by MinD, which polymerizes and binds to the membrane in an ATP regulated fashion [6].
Membrane binding is mediated by the C2 domains of both cofactors.
Although membrane binding is not well substantiated for classical calpains, predicted transmembrane segments in phytocalpain and some ciliate calpains suggest an evolutionary link between calpain function and membranes [34].
Thus, membrane binding is enhanced 3-fold compared to that of PS/PC membranes (Table 4).
Therefore, membrane binding is required for the Imp2 F-BAR domain to tubulate membranes.
Membrane binding is also important for many aspects of the function of these proteins, including the binding of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins [ 47, 48].
Similar(51)
E-cadherin mainly binds to plasma membrane to mediate cell-cell interactions, when the membrane binding was destroyed through cleavage by γ-secretase or other proteases[ 33- 35], the functions of E-cadherin would be lost even if the expression levels of it has no changes.
Additionally, the antiviral activity of D5, a human antibody that binds to the N-terminal heptad repeat (NHR) of gp41 and lacks membrane binding, was boosted by the same cholesterol conjugation.
The effect of these mutations on membrane binding was determined by a quantitative phospholipid ELISA assay and compared to wild-type α-Syn and to the Parkinson's disease-causing mutations, A30P, E46K and A53T.
In general, the neutralizing activity of antibodies obtained by immunizing with protein scaffolds alone was unsatisfactory, possibly because other characteristics, such as membrane binding, were not addressed in the design of these scaffolds.
C2 residues required for membrane binding are highlighted.
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