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When the extracellular matrix is very flexible, or when a high concentration of laminin is readily available, proteins called α6β4 integrins within the cell membrane bind with laminin to form small structures called hemidesmosomes, which anchor the epithelial cells to the basement membrane.
In prokaryotic bacteria, the AgNPs interact with the bacterial cell membrane, bind with mesosome cell organelle, reduce mesosomal function and increase the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.
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In Thermus thermophilus HB27 cultures the localisation of lipolytic activity is extracellular, intracellular and membrane bound, with low percentage for the former.
An elastic modulus gradient pulse may exist in the target cell membrane bound with the α-helical peptide HP(2 20) and its four analogues.
The enhanced rigidity of the red cell membrane bound with ligands [16] hints that, the rigidity of cellular membrane also may increase remarkably with the accumulation of the bound peptides, and then regulate the stretching and bending as well as the disruption of the membrane under loads.
Sea urchin ARCs are predicted to be membrane bound with different modes of membrane attachment.
Glypican-3 is membrane bound with a large extracellular domain that can interact with either the surface-bound receptors or ligands to modulate signaling "strength" either positively or negatively.
Ingested fluoride forms hydrofluoric acid in the stomach which is easily absorbed by the intestines, where it crosses cell membranes, binds with calcium and interferes with various enzymes, before urinary excretion.
Proteins were separated by electrophoresis, transferred on to PVDF membranes, bound with primary antibody and detected by ECL using HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies with ECL Western Blotting Detection Reagents.
The long and short forms are both membrane bound receptors with an identical binding site for prolactin, but differ in the length of their cytoplasmic tail [ 12].
Such an effect corresponds to an exchange of the protein between the free and membrane bound state, with the residues associated with the affected signals involved in a direct interaction with the membrane.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com