†Adjusted for socioeconomic status, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, chronic pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, end stage renal disease, liver cirrhosis, alcohol abuse, peptic ulcer disease, reflux esophagitis, gastrectomy, HIV, connective tissue disease, malignant neoplasm, organ transplantation.
We also found that increased age, male gender, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, and liver cirrhosis significantly increased the risk of developing pulmonary TB.
Malignancy, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, pneumoconiosis, liver cirrhosis, autoimmune diseases, and acquired immunodeficiency disease were identified according to our previous publication [ 19].
Cox regression analysis revealed that age, male gender, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, and cirrhosis, as well as COPD (hazard ratio = 2.468 [2.205–2.762]) were independent risk factors for TB.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control report that possible health conditions of Karen refugees include: tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, cancer, Hepatitis B, and substance abuse [ 36].
The following diseases were considered as serious non-AIDS events: acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease requiring drug treatment, coronary revascularization, decompensated liver disease, deep vein thrombosis, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, non-AIDS cancer, peripheral arterial disease, pulmonary embolism, and stroke [ 27].
Interestingly, Jabaudon et al. [ 13] reported that sRAGE levels in ALI/ARDS were not influenced by the presence of RAGE-related diseases such as sepsis, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, coronary artery disease, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer disease, and essential hypertension.
Approximately 30 40% of patients with type I and 15% with type II diabetes mellitus develop end stage renal disease.
IFG: Impaired fasting glucose; IGT: Impaired glucose tolerance; OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; ESRD: End − stage renal disease.
However, it is discussed controversially whether patients with diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal disease benefit from strict glycemic control.
OM, onychomycosis; HD, hemodialysis; DM, diabetes mellitus; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; HbA1C, glycosylated hemoglobin; KOH, potassium hydroxide.
