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An overnight grown YPG culture was used to inoculate shake flask cultivations in 500 mL baffled flasks with a working volume of 100 mL: different in-house developed medium variants based on SYN6 medium were tested.
"Strong" variants (A, B1, B2, B3, B4, C, H, L and M) produce around 3.6 g of αS1-CN per liter of milk [ 10], "medium" variants (E and I) produce 1.6 g of αS1-CN, "weak" alleles (F and G) produce 0.6 g of αS1-CN [ 2, 11] and "null" alleles (01, 02, and N) result in absence of the αS1-CN fraction in milk [ 2, 4, 11, 12].
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UN medium variant figures for mid-2014, as provided in World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.
UN medium variant figures for mid-1998, as given in World Population Prospects: The 1996 Revision.
UN medium variant figures for mid-2009, as given in World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision.
Its so-called medium variant assumes countries will gradually converge towards a fertility rate of around 2.1, ie the replacement rate.
However, should fertility rates not decline along the predicted lines – if, for example, all countries had a rate that was half a child above the medium variant – the global population in 2100 could swell to 16.6 billion people, more than five billion more than the current estimate.
At the moment, the UN works out its main projection (called the medium variant) based on countries' fertility rates and life expectancies, the most important determinants of population growth.
For the business-as-usual scenario, we adopted the United Nations medium variant net migration assumptions (UNPD 2016).
All scenarios assume linear change in fertility levels while age patterns of fertility conform to those of the United Nations medium variant projections (UNPD 2016).
Given fertility trends, world population by 2050 could be even higher than the 9.3 billion currently projected by the UN's "medium variant".
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com